The discrete data are countable and have finite values; their subdivision is not possible. Three cell phone towers form APQR. Those numbers picked from the first department, picked from the second department, and so on represent the members who make up the stratified sample. Examples: crash testing cars or medical testing for rare conditions, Undue influence: collecting data or asking questions in a way that influences the response. In each form of random sampling, each member of a population initially has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. Ordinal data is qualitative data for which their values have some kind of relative position. B. To find out the most popular cereal among young people under the age of ten, stand outside a large supermarket for three hours and speak to every twentieth child under age ten who enters the supermarket. Compared to nominal data, ordinal data have some kind of order that is not present in nominal data. Weights are quantitative continuous data because weights are measured. For the purpose of analysis, data are presented as the facts and figures collected together. Points in a graph of the discrete function remain unconnected. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. The numbers generated are as follows: 0.94360; 0.99832; 0.14669; 0.51470; 0.40581; 0.73381; 0.04399. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Making a schedule/timetable or studying together with your peers may help you in focusing and keep you active. Confounding: When the effects of multiple factors on a response cannot be separated. If we were to examine two samples representing the same population, even if we used random sampling methods for the samples, they would not be exactly the same. Record the number. The first sample probably consists of science-oriented students. Doreen uses systematic sampling and Jung uses cluster sampling. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . B. (We assume that these are the only disciplines in which part-time students at ABC College are enrolled and that an equal number of part-time students are enrolled in each of the disciplines.) So is the case of statistics too. QUESTIONState whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. It is not possible to measure qualitative data in terms of numbers and it is subdivided into nominal and ordinal data. Discrete is data that can take only certain values. 1. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your college population, the four departments make up the cluster sample. Vedantu LIVE Online Master Classes is an incredibly personalized tutoring platform for you, while you are staying at your home. Hair color, blood type, ethnic group, the car a person drives, and the street a person lives on are examples of qualitative data. In this situation, create a bar graph and not a pie chart. The data are because.continuous the data can take on any value in an interval B. Your instructor will give each group one six-sided die. Otherwise, the variable is nominal. Surveys mailed to households and then returned may be very biased (they may favor a certain group). Instructions: Use the Random Number Generator to pick samples. OD. It is from a continuousdata set because 218+ Consultants 4.7 Satisfaction rate b. These kinds of data are also known as Numerical data. Lisa reads two-digit groups until she has chosen three class members (that is, she reads 0.94360 as the groups 94, 43, 36, 60). 3. B. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why The speeds of the different people walking in a park Choose the correct answer below. the chance of picking the first person for any particular sample is 1000 out of 10,000 (0.1000); the chance of picking a different second person is 999 out of 9,999 (0.0999); you do not replace the first person before picking the next person. { "1.2.01:_Levels_of_Measurement" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.00:_Introduction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.01:_Descriptive_and_Inferential_Statistics" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.02:_Variables_and_Types_of_Data" 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"Pareto chart", "Sampling with Replacement", "Sampling without Replacement", "qualitative data", "quantitative data", "discrete data", "continuous data", "Cluster Sampling", "Sampling Error", "Sampling Bias", "authorname:openstax", "transcluded:yes", "showtoc:no", "license:ccby", "source[1]-stats-705", "program:openstax", "licenseversion:40", "source@https://openstax.org/details/books/introductory-statistics" ], https://stats.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fstats.libretexts.org%2FCourses%2FLas_Positas_College%2FMath_40%253A_Statistics_and_Probability%2F01%253A_The_Nature_of_Statistics%2F1.02%253A_Variables_and_Types_of_Data, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), of Students at De Anza College Fall Term 2007 (Census Day), 1.1: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics, Percentages That Add to More (or Less) Than 100%, http://www.well-beingindex.com/default.asp, http://www.well-beingindex.com/methodology.asp, 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That is, a member of the population may be chosen only once. Nominal Data is used to label variables without any order or quantitative value. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. The exact lengths (in kilometers) of the ocean coastlines of different countries. Sampling data should be done very carefully. The Pareto chart has the bars sorted from largest to smallest and is easier to read and interpret. feet, 190 sq. The ordinal data only shows the sequences and cannot use for statistical analysis. O C. a chemical reaction comma repeated several times Choose the correct O A. b. ), Marital status (Single, Widowed, Married), When companies ask for feedback, experience, or satisfaction on a scale of 1 to 10, Letter grades in the exam (A, B, C, D, etc. Statistical data needs to be critically analyzed, not simply accepted. If Doreen and Jung took larger samples (i.e. Do you think that this sample is representative of (or is characteristic of) the entire 20,000 listener population? The random numbers 0.94360 and 0.99832 do not contain appropriate two digit numbers. Press ENTER. Record the number. the chance of picking the first person is 1,000 out of 10,000 (0.1000); the chance of picking a different second person for this sample is 999 out of 10,000 (0.0999); the chance of picking the same person again is 1 out of 10,000 (very low). But graphs can be even more helpful in understanding the data. Suppose Doreen and Jung both decide to study the average amount of time students at their college sleep each night. Also, in both cases, not all students have a chance to be in either sample. The two numbers are for two of the columns. The data are continuous because the data can only take on specific values. The data are continuous because the data can only take on specific values. O A. A continuous data set because there are infinitely mamy possible values and those values cannot be counted. It is countable. State whether the data described below are discrete or - JustAnswer You have to be dedicated. It may take any numeric value, within a potential value range of finite or infinite. Discrete. To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an CS State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. Two students carry three books, one student carries four books, one student carries two books, and one student carries one book. B. Which is the safest route for the ship? Non-response or refusal of subject to participate: The collected responses may no longer be representative of the population. The distance from G to H in The data he collects are summarized in the histogram. Indicate whether quantitative data are continuous or discrete. A. Any group of n individuals is equally likely to be chosen by any other group of n individuals if the simple random sampling technique is used. For example, the number of subjects in a course, the number of families living in a block, the number of digits in a code, etc. The second sample is a group of senior citizens who are, more than likely, taking courses for health and interest. This page titled 1.2: Variables and Types of Data is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. For any particular sample of 1,000, if you are sampling with replacement. Instead of that, just revise what youve already done. A statistics professor collects information about the classification of her students as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors. Create a cluster sample by picking two of the columns. The table displays Ethnicity of Students but is missing the "Other/Unknown" category. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Displaying percentages along with the numbers is often helpful, but it is particularly important when comparing sets of data that do not have the same totals, such as the total enrollments for both colleges in this example. Press ENTER 15 times and record the numbers. Create a simple random sample of 15 quiz scores. It includes only those values which are separate and can only be counted in whole numbers or integers, which means that the data can not be split into fractions or decimals. This pie chart shows the students in each year, which is qualitative data. Sometimes percentages add up to be more than 100% (or less than 100%). B. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. All members of the four departments with those numbers are the cluster sample. 5. These kinds of data can be considered in-between qualitative and quantitative data. To find the average annual income of all adults in the United States, sample U.S. congressmen. Collaborative Exercise 1.2. The exact lengths (in kilometers) of the ocean coastlines of different countries. Press 5:randInt( and enter 1, 60). The type of data that has clear spaces between values is discrete data. the data can only take on specific values . pair starts due east and then turns 50 toward north. The class boundaries are 10 to less than 13, 13 to less than 16, 16 to less than 19, 19 to less than 22, and 22 to less than 25. OOO O A. 1. However, students shall understand that it is important for them to recognize their interests and based on that, select the best career path possible. Press ENTER and record that number. Required fields are marked *. A medical researcher interviews every third cancer patient from a list of cancer patients at a local hospital. Discrete vs continuous data are two broad categories of numeric variables. Press MATH. Quantitative data are always numbers. Then choose every fiftieth name thereafter until you have a total of 400 names (you might have to go back to the beginning of your phone list). Common problems to be aware of include. four children shared a two third liter bottle of drink equal.how much did each child drink , two pairs of hikers leave the same camp heading in opposite divections. Suppose we take two different samples. Statistics is a quite tough subject but for those who know how to use their mind, its the best one for them as it involves more practical knowledge and conceptual learning. Answered: State whether the data discribed below | bartleby 2. Determine whether the data are from discrete data or continuous data set. Also read: 22 Top Data Science Books Learn Data Science Like an Expert. That is, once a member is picked, that member goes back into the population and thus may be chosen more than once. A sample of 100 undergraduate San Jose State students is taken by organizing the students names by classification (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior), and then selecting 25 students from each. Discrete vs. Continuous Data: Differences & Examples The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. and it is subdivided into nominal and ordinal data. Step 2: Discrete and continuous data. Ivy's house is at E, 750 feet from the intersection. The data she collects are summarized in the pie chart Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\). 4. In other words, each sample of the same size has an equal chance of being selected. Qualitative data are generally described by words or letters. A discrete data set because there are a finite number of possible values. Ra Be aware that many large samples are biased. Surveys are typically done without replacement. Data is classified into 4 types. Each student is chosen using simple random sampling. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. 1.2: Variables and Types of Data - Statistics LibreTexts . where n is the number of tips in the phylogeny ( ) , P is the continuous trait value of each species, and Q is the expected value of each species given the continuous trait model calculated following Equation (11) of Beaulieu et al. How to Calculate the Percentage of Marks? Step 2: Discrete and continuous data. the data can only take on specific values . Examples are lengths, temperature, etc. categorical, quantitative discrete or quantitative continuous. Record these numbers. Number each department, and then choose four different numbers using simple random sampling. Answered: State whether the data described below | bartleby It may take any numeric value, within a potential value range of finite or infinite. The numbers of hotels in cities Choose the correct answer below. Record the three quiz scores in column one that correspond to these three numbers. The use of discrete and continuous quantitative variables would be helpful for detecting intervention effects . QUESTIONState whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. For example, in the case of statistics, algebra is a good option to learn before starting your statistics course. Most of these students are, more than likely, paying more than the average part-time student for their books. Doreen and Jung each take samples of 500 students. The data are the weights of backpacks with books in them. While working on these data, it is important to know the types of data to process them and get the right results. We all know that time is very important, it doesnt wait for anyone. OC. Create a stratified sample by column. 5 (2006). The volume of cola in a can is 11.8 oz. The measure of Ris 5 greater than the measure of ZO. To find the average GPA of all students in a university, use all honor students at the university as the sample. Dominic Lusinchi, President Landon and the 1936 Literary Digest Poll: Were Automobile and Telephone Owners to Blame? Social Science History 36, no. Show how you know. Systematic sampling is frequently chosen because it is a simple method. Work collaboratively to determine the correct data type (quantitative or qualitative). State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and Samples of only a few hundred observations, or even smaller, are sufficient for many purposes. A more technological way is for Lisa to first list the last names of the members of her class together with a two-digit number, as in Table \(\PageIndex{2}\): Lisa can use a table of random numbers (found in many statistics books and mathematical handbooks), a calculator, or a computer to generate random numbers. The chart in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\) is organized by the size of each wedge, which makes it a more visually informative graph than the unsorted, alphabetical graph in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\). The number of classes a student missed. . O A. c. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. The height of a student from age 5-15 is continuous data because the height varies continuously from age 5-15 which is not a constant for 10 years. These data consist of audio, images, symbols, or text. A.The data are continuous because the data can only take on the data can only take on specificvalues. To four decimal places, 9/25 = 0.3600 and 9/24 = 0.3750. You can go for a business analyst or a statistician or a financial analyst or even an economist etc. What are the career options in the field of Statistics? For example, suppose Lisa wants to form a four-person study group (herself and three other people) from her pre-calculus class, which has 31 members not including Lisa. Over time, some continuous data can change. 1: 23-54 (2012), ssh.dukejournals.org/content/36/1/23.abstract (accessed May 1, 2013). You sample the same five students. Data from www.bookofodds.com/Relationsh-the-President. By using simple random sampling, select states to be part of the cluster. Qualitative data tells about the perception of people. This variability in samples cannot be stressed enough. air. If all the money in the 555, find the number of 10 coins in it 12. Even if Doreen and Jung used the same sampling method, in all likelihood their samples would be different. The data are continuous because the data can take Solved State whether the data described below are discrete - Chegg 24 people said theyd prefer more talk shows, and 176 people said theyd prefer more music. a. In today's changing times, pursuing a career in this subject is known to provide some of the most sought professional options. Dynamic models of epidemiology in discrete time taking into account The examples you have seen in this book so far have been small. This particular bar graph in Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\) can be difficult to understand visually. Therefore this is discrete data. Continuous information is information that falls into a continuous series. Quantitative data may be either discrete or continuous. the number of data values is increased), their sample results (the average amount of time a student sleeps) might be closer to the actual population average. state whether the data is continous or discrete The durations of a chemical reaction comma repeated several times Choose the correct answer below. O A. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. We might make different choices of what we think is the best graph depending on the data and the context. The exact lengths (in kilometers) of the ocean coastlines of different countries is a continuous variable because it can take on any value in an interval. Since this is the case, sampling without replacement is approximately the same as sampling with replacement because the chance of picking the same individual more than once with replacement is very low. The term discrete means distinct or separate. Nominal Data is used to label variables without any order or quantitative value. Try this experiment twice. Your phone book contains 20,000 residence listings. For the purpose of analysis, data are presented as the facts and figures collected together. One-third of a number when decreased by 2 equals one-fifth of the nimenbe Find the number. The tables display counts (frequencies) and percentages or proportions (relative frequencies). If you're asked whether age is a continuous or discrete variable in an Introductory Statistics class, the correct answer is technically continuous. Continuous data is the data that can be of any value. . There are many different potential problems that can affect the reliability of a sample. Ans: Ducks in a pond are discrete data because the number of ducks is a finite number. A discrete variable, on the other hand, can only take on specific values. Each method has pros and cons. We have grown leaps and bounds to be the best Online Tuition Website in India with immensely talented Vedantu Master Teachers, from the most reputed institutions. The triangles show the position of the gate in relation to its closed position. For this example, suppose Lisa chooses to generate random numbers from a calculator. The data are because.continuous the data can only take on specific values C. However, in the real world age is often treated as a discrete variable because it makes more sense when collecting data and when reporting the results of a study. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. One student has a red backpack, two students have black backpacks, one student has a green backpack, and one student has a gray backpack. the distance it is from your home to the nearest grocery store. amount of money (in dollars) won playing poker, IQ scores (This may cause some discussion.). A histogram is used to graphically represent continuous data. The name nominal comes from the Latin name nomen, which means name. With the help of nominal data, we cant do any numerical tasks or cant give any order to sort the data. The departments are the clusters. , i.e. A study is done to determine the average tuition that San Jose State undergraduate students pay per semester. A random number generator is used to select a student from the alphabetical listing of all undergraduate students in the Fall semester. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. And this is the reason why most students find it to be an interesting subject. It also could not be used if the percentages added to less than 100%. Which experiment had the correct results? according to measurement accuracy, it can be significantly subdivided into smaller sections. Pick three quiz scores randomly from each column. Try to identify additional data sets in this example. It can be the version of an android phone, the height of a person, the length of an object, etc. The gender of a person, i.e., male, female, or others, is qualitative data. Note: randInt(0, 30, 3) will generate 3 random numbers. You go to the supermarket and purchase three cans of soup (19 ounces) tomato bisque, 14.1 ounces lentil, and 19 ounces Italian wedding), two packages of nuts (walnuts and peanuts), four different kinds of vegetable (broccoli, cauliflower, spinach, and carrots), and two desserts (16 ounces Cherry Garcia ice cream and two pounds (32 ounces chocolate chip cookies).
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