Unfortunately, there are no documents left of his work after the destruction of the Library of Alexandria. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [4] He created the first global projection of the world, incorporating parallels and meridians based on the available geographic knowledge of his era. The numbers from one to 400 are written in a table, with the numbers one to 20 across the top row. [19] This book is the first recorded instance of many terms still in use today, including the name of the discipline geography. JR, on the other, Either is a correct plural for the word leaf, according to Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Who is the first geographer in the world? He has written works on geography, philosophy, history, astronomy, mathematics, and literary criticism. They also were among the first people to use astronomical observations of the stars to help them navigate across the ocean. Etching of an ancient seal identified as Eratosthenes. Cars &vehicles (9) Eratosthenes was born in the Greek colony Cyrene, now the city of Shahhat, Libya. The HMS Challenger originally was designed as a British warshipa steam corvette in the Royal Navyoutfitted with 17 guns and an engine capable of over 1,200 horsepower. Eratosthenes was an ancient Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. ing of the Eratosthenes Seamount could clearly provide invaluable information regarding the oceanography and the tectonics of the east-ern Mediterranean in pre-Messinian time (McCoy and Mart, 1988; Robertson, 1992) Woodside (1977) also noted the occurrence of a 200-km-wide magnetic anomaly underneath the seamount. Biography. Prince Henry the navigators contribution to ocean exploration included? There was the great bookstore, a museum and a school of advanced studies. In 1609 he published Astronomia Nova, delineating his discoveries, which are now called Keplers first two laws of planetary motion. Research into physical oceanography included Strabo, who observed volcanic activity and concluded that land was not totally static. About 150 years later, Eratosthenes (264-194 B.C.) III. At this time Eratosthenes took advantage of his position and the access to the information he had to learn about the most diverse subjects. Eratosthenes proposed a simple algorithm for finding prime numbers. In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes (Greek: ), one of a number of prime number sieves, is a simple, ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit. Cnidus, 342337 BC), Greek mathematician and astronomer who significantly advanced proportion theory, contributed to the identification of constellations in the Greek world and thus the development of observational astronomy, and created the first sophisticated, geometrical model of celestial motion. Eratosthenes made major contributions to geography. Why is Eratosthenes called the father of geography? b. Eratosthenes He was a Greek mathematician who had a profound interest in geography. Geography consisted of eight volumes. The first book of "Geography" contained a summary of existing geographical work and Eratosthenes' speculations about the nature of the planet Earth. He spent most of his life in the city of Alexandria in Egypt. It is thought that Eratosthenes may also have been a pupil of Callimachus. He also calculated the tilt axis of the Earth. Todays measurement is 40,075 km. Eratosthenes noted that at Alexandria, at the same date and time, sunlight fell at an angle of about 7.2 from the vertical. He first studied with Zeno at the school of the Stoics. is credited for two important contributions to oceanography: 1. a. Eratosthenes of Cyrene developed longitude and latitude. The 200-foot ship was three-masted, square-rigged, and built of wood. Posidonius wrote a bookThe Ocean. Several astronomers and mathematicians before and after Eratosthenes tried to accurately measure the circumference of the Earth, but is was Eratosthenes that came through. The estimate is over 99 percent of the actual distance of 40,008 km. Christopher Columbus was one of those who studied the work of Eratosthenes. He studied astronomy, geography, and math. The first recorded use of the word geography was by Eratosthenes, a Greek scholar who lived from 276-194 BC who is credited with creating the discipline of geography (Eratosthenes' Geography. (2004/2006). 2011. The first spot has to go to the man who coined the term geography, Eratosthenes (c. 275194 BC). This, so it happens, and when seeing the offering, someone says: this is the work of the Cyrenean Eratosthenes. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. He sketched, quite accurately, the route of the Nile to Khartoum, showing the two Ethiopian tributaries. A) discovery of a trade route from Europe around the African continent to India B) the introduction of latitude and longitude lines on maps of the world C) a reasonably accurate calculation of the circumference of our planet Eratosthenes' is believed to be the first person to attempt a determination of the size of the Earth through measurement. How did the Egyptians contribute to oceanography? Eratosthenes followed in the footsteps of other academics in his city and trained with Lysanias, an expert in grammar. Eratosthenes had a significant impact on geography. He sketched, quite accurately, the route of the Nile to Khartoum, showing the two Ethiopian tributaries. Their achievements in climatology, oceanography, geomorphology, linear measurements, determination of cardinal points, limits of habitable world, sprawl of continents and oceans are highly appreciable. Greeks-create Maps of Med. [25], This article is about the Greek scholar of the third century BC. This is important to marine science because these concepts are used for locations around the globe. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. [8], The son of Aglaos, Eratosthenes was born in 276 BC in Cyrene. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria. Alexander the Great conquered Cyrene in 332 BC, and following his death in 323 BC, its rule was given to one of his generals, Ptolemy I Soter, the founder of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. He was the first prose writer. Geographika had 3 volumes. That is why he thought that he would arrive in Asia on his journey and did not realize that a new continent had arrived. The word for a, Sulfates and Halides Gypsum is known in Colorado for mining gypsum, a mineral used in the construction of wallboard. He was the inventor of Geography and is responsible for calculating the Earths circumference. What Is Fast Acquisition Corp. . [9] He wrote poems: one in hexameters called Hermes, illustrating the god's life history; and another in elegiacs, called Erigone, describing the suicide of the Athenian maiden Erigone (daughter of Icarius). This meant that if he continued the light waves at Alexandria and the light waves at Syene, they would meet at a 7.2 degree angle at the center of the earth. He calculated the Earth's circumference. Geographys History. It is a large, submerged massif, about 120 km long and 80 km wide. He created a device called the mesolabe, a kind of abacus for measurements and proportions, which he dedicated to King Ptolemy III. He may have measured the distances from Earth to both the Moon and to the Sun, but the historical accounts of both deeds are rather cryptic. Unfortunately, other than a few scraps, little remains of Eratosthenes original work. Why is Eratosthenes called the father of geography? % complete Aristotle was a friend of Eratosthenes and collaborated with the mathematical calculations for the creation of the mesolabe. The first spot has to go to the man who coined the term geography, Eratosthenes (c. 275-194 BC). The fact of being incarcerated and deprived of liberty it bring with it important p ychological con equence . He also measured the degree of obliquity of the ecliptic (in effect, the tilt of Earths axis) and wrote a treatise on the octateris, an eight-year lunar-solar cycle. Location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, and geography are the five themes of geography. Rist, J.M. The Greeks made tremendous advancements in the fields of geomorphology, climatology and oceanography. He sketched, quite accurately, the route of the Nile to Khartoum, showing the two Ethiopian tributaries. He was the first to affirm that the heavy rains in the headwaters could explain the floods in the lower part of the flow. Phoenicians (from what is now Syria and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, and Africa; 2000BC 2. Eratosthenes made major contributions to geography. The name Earth is an English/German name which simply means the ground. The geometry of the situation is sketched at the right. The Greek astronomer Eratosthenes becomes the first person to determine the circumference of the Earth. Eratosthenes was a man of many talents. Marcotte, D. (1998). The suns rays are parallel, and the earth is round. and more. How Do You Get Rid Of Hiccups In 5 Seconds. Although these tables have not survived, it is claimed that twelve books of tables of chords were written by Hipparchus. He invented a system of latitude and longitude and he also might have calculated the distance from earth to the sun and invented the leap day. The circumference of the Earth was measured by Eratosthenes. Menu. 2. He sought to maintain the reputation of the Library of Alexandria against competition from the Library of Pergamum. He lived in Athens until Ptolemy Evergetes, the king of Egypt . He studied astronomy, geography, and math. With these data (length of the shadow and length of the rod), Eratosthenes calculated the angle of the sun's rays in 1/50 of a circumference. Arsinoe (a biography of Queen Arsinoe, wife and sister of Ptolemy IV). The Greeks made tremendous advancements in the fields of geomorphology, climatology and oceanography. Using his discoveries and knowledge of its size and shape, he began to sketch it. Eratosthenes died in Alexandria, approximately in 194 BC, when he was 82 years old. He was a renowned mathematician, poet, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist. In the Library of Alexandria he had access to various travel books, which contained various items of information and representations of the world that needed to be pieced together in some organized format. 22, No. Name the major oceans and their main characteristics. He was called Pentathlos, a title given to those who were victors in the five tests of the Olympic games, because he dedicated himself to cultivating all areas of knowledge. Eratosthenes (l. c. 276-195 BCE) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, mathematician, and poet best known for being the first to calculate the circumference of the earth and its axial tilt. III. Eratosthenes of Cyrene Prince Henry the navigator's contribution to ocean exploration included? Under Ptolemaic rule the economy prospered, based largely on the export of horses and silphium, a plant used for rich seasoning and medicine. Corrections? His writings included a poem inspired by astronomy, as well as works on the theatre and on ethics. Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician, geographer, astronomer & poet. In a time when the ocean is threatened by climate change and pollution, coastlines are eroding, and entire species of marine life are at risk of extinction, the role of . The first place must go to Eratosthenes, the man who coined the term "geography" between 275 and 194 BC. He calculated the size of the Earth using geometry and ratios based on sun observations. However, it was in geography where he proved to be more skillful for he was one of the greatest of all ancient geographers. He acquired works such as the great dramas of Aeschylus and Euripides. ", Zhumud, Leonid. Then numbers that are not prime are discarded. ". Later he joined the Platonists as a pupil of Arcesilao.It was then that Eratosthenes created a work called Platonicus, in which, following Plato's method, he explored mathematical and cosmological issues. Each fragment is accompanied by an English translation, a summary, and commentary. The nematode They are a group of animal that are characterized by having a cylindrical body, without egmentation. Despite this, he did not believe in those projections, but in Toscanelli's, which stated that the earth was a third smaller. II. Finally he wrote: Happy father, Ptolemy, because with your son you enjoy the age! Some people believe that Eratosthenes starved himself to death on purpose after going blind. However, he assumed that Siena was right over the Tropic of Cancer, a fact that was incorrect. Who Eratosthenes was and what his contribution to math is? Explanation: Eratosthenes was a geographer and mathematician from Ancient Greece who is known for using geometry to determine the circumference of the Earth. Eratosthenes. Eratosthenes contributions to Mathematics are very notable and well known. While this work is the earliest we can trace certain ideas, words, and concepts in the historical record, earlier contributions may have been lost to history. He set the circumference measurement at 252,000 stadia, which is approximately 39,691 kilometers. Eratosthenes, in full Eratosthenes of Cyrene, (born c. 276 bce, Cyrene, Libyadied c. 194 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet, who made the first measurement of the size of Earth for which any details are known. He was nicknamed Beta because he was great at many things and tried to get his hands on every bit of information but never achieved the highest rank in anything; Strabo accounts Eratosthenes as a mathematician among geographers and a geographer among mathematicians. Eratosthenes' "Geography". Life. Eratosthenes (264-194 B.C.) Oceanic area = 303x10^6km^2 (59.4%) 11.5% of Earth is continent below sea level. On oceanography he was considered an . He accurately depicted the Niles route to Khartoum, as well as the two Ethiopian tributaries. How did Eratosthenes contribute to oceanography? "Eratosthenes." He accepted the three continents (Europe, Asia, and Libya) and five climatic zones (one torrid zone, two temperate zones, and two frigid zones), [2] The term geography was first coined by Eratosthenese. He compiled a star catalog and the earliest surviving table of a trigonometric function and established mathematically that an object and its mirror image must make equal angles to a mirror. Eckerman, C. (2011). Of the four people named as his students in Suda, three cannot be identified with certainty and were therefore hardly important scientists. If you ask any geographer to name a person who was responsible for the founding of their discipline, theyre likely to say, Ptolemy. Claudius Ptolemaeus lived in second-century Alexandria from 100 AD to 170 AD, writing the Geographike hyphegesis (c150), also known as the Geography.
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